Adverbs of time in the Malagasy language: fanamarinam-potoana

Adverbs of time

Point of time (definite)

Avy eo (then)
Misakafo dia avy eo dia mitsangana mandihy.
They eat and then stand up to dance.

Ankehitriny/izao (now)
Ankehitriny dia mipataloha daholo na lahy na vavy.
Now women also put on trousers.
Izao dia mitovy ny lahy sy vavy.
Now men and women are equal.

Androany (today)
Androany ny fitsingerenan’ny taona nahaterahako.
Today is my birthday.

Rahampitso (tomorrow)
Rahampitso aho no handeha hody.
Tomorrow I will go back home.

Androany hariva (tonight)
Androany hariva no hangata-bady azy izy.
Tonight he will ask for her hand.

Omaly (yesterday)
Nanapa-bolo izy omaly.

Yesterday he cut his hair.

Frequency (definite)

Isan-taona (annually/yearly)
Miverina isan-taona ny rivo-doza.
The cyclones strike annually/ yearly.

Isan’andro (daily)
Mila mihinana voankazo isan’andro.
You need to eat fruit daily.

Isaky ny roa herinandro ( fortnight)
Miasa alina aho isaky ny roa herinandro.
I work at night each fortnight.

Isan’ora ( hourly)
Mandalo ny taxibe isan’ora.
Taxibe depart hourly.

Isan-kerinandro (weekly)
Mitsangatsangana aho isa-kerinandro.
Weekly I go for a walk.

Isam-bolana (monthly)
Mandray karama ny mpiasa isam-bolana.
The workers get their pay monthly.

Isan-kalina (nightly)
Mivoaka mandihy ny tanora isan-kalina.
Young people go out dancing nightly.

Isan-telovolana (quarterly)
Manao examen izahay isan-telovolana.
We sit for an examination quarterly.

Frequency (indefinite)

Foana/mazàna (Always )
Manadio trano foana ny renim-pianakaviana.
Housewives always do the chores at home.

Imbetsaka (Constantly )
Imbetsaka no mananatra ny zanany ny ray aman-dreny.
Parents constantly reprimand their children.

Efa ( efa mba) (Ever)
Efa mba nisotro whisky ve izy?
Has he ever driken whisky?

Matetika (Frequently )
Matetika no mandeha mianatra piano izy.
He frequently goes to take piano lessons.

Amin’ny ankapobeny (Generally)
Amin’ny ankapobeny dia ny lehilahy no lohan’ny vehivavy.
Generally men are the head of women.

Tsindraindray (Infrequently)
Manasa lamba tsindraindray izy.
He infrequently washes his clothes.

Mihitsy (Never )
Tsy misy vola mihitsy izy.
He never has money.

Tahaka ny mahazatra ( Normally) (ny fandehany= familiar)
Tahaka dia mahazatra/ ny fandehany dia mivaly ny fanadinana rehefa afaka herinandro.
Normally you get the result of the exam after a week.

Tsindraindray (Occasionally)
Misotro mangidy izy tsindraindray.
He occasionally drinks bitter tea.

Matetika (Often)
Matetika dia manao gatô izy rehefa alahady.
She often bakes a cake on Sundays.

Tsindraindray (Rarely)
Tsindraindray ihany ry zareo no manao vakansy.
They rarely go on holidays.

Araka ny mahazatra/ Isaky ny mandeha (Regularly/usually)
Araka ny mahazatra azy dia manoratra taratasy ho an’ny zanany any an-dafy izy.
She regularly writes letters to her children abroad.

Indray isaky ny mahatsiaro (Seldom)
Indray isaky ny mahatsiaro no mba mividy dibera ry zareo.
They seldom buy butter.

Indraindray (Sometimes)
Indraindray ihany vao manao konfitira aho.
I sometimes make jam.

Relationship in time (indefinite)

Efa (Already)
Efa tonga ny mpanambady.
The bride has already arrived.

Alohan’ny (Before)
Alohan’ny andrahoana sakafo dia sasana aloha izy ireo.
Before you cook the food you have to wash it.

Aloha (Early)
Tonga alohan’ny fotoana ny mpanao fanadinana.
The students arrive early at the examination room.

Aloha kokoa ( Earlier)
Mila miainga aloha kokoa raha te hahatratra lamasinina.
You need to come earlier if you wish to take the train.

Raha sendra afaka/raha sendra manam-potoana (Eventually)
Mandalòva ao amin’ny direktera raha sendra afaka.
Eventually you can come to see the CEO.

Tamin’ny farany (Finally)
Sitrana izy tamin’ny farany.
He finally was healed.

Voalohany (First)
Voalohany dia mitsangana dia avy eo miarahaba.
First you stand up then you bow.

Taloha (Formerly)
Nipetraka teto izy taloha.
He formerly lived here.

Tamin’io (fotoana io) indrindra (Just)
Naneno ny anjomara tamin’io fotoana io indrindra.
The horn rings just at that moment.

Farany indrindra (Lastly)
Farany indrindra dia notapahan’ny mpanambady ny mofomamy.
Lastly the bride and her bridegroom cut the cake.

Taorian’io (Later)
Nakatony ny varavarana ary taorinan’io dia nohidiany tamin’ny lakile.
He later turned the key in the lock after he had shut it.

Tato ho ato (Lately)
Tato ho ato dia manapa-bolo daholo ny vehivavy.
Many women lately cut their hair short.

Taorinan’izany (Next)
Niakatra ny tohatra izy ary taorian’izany dia niditra ny efitra.
He climbed up the steps and next he entered into the room.

Talohan’izany (Previously)
Nitondra tomobilina izy izao fa talohan’izany dia nianatra nitondra aloha.
He is driving the car now but previously he has to learn to drive one.

Vao haingana / Vao teo (Recently)
Vao teo no niantso ny anaranao ny mpampanao fanadinana.
The examiner recently called your name.

Rehefa (Since)
Asio sira ny laoka rehefa mangotraka.
He puts salt on the meat since it has boiled.

Ato ho ato (Soon)
Hahita asa ianao ato ho ato.
You will soon find a job.

Mbola (Still)
Mbola ao ny fakitera raha anontany azy ianao.
The postman is still here if you want to ask him a question.

Mbola tsy (Yet)
Mbola tsy mahay mandeha ny zanako.
My son has not yet learned to walk.

Faha-: during the time of // prefix for ordinal numbers

FAHA- : time adverb/ prefix for ordinal numbers

1-Faha (adverb) : in the time of, in the era of, under the reign of

Fahazaza: youth

Fahagola: in old times

Fahagolantany: unmemorable times

Fahataloha: in ancient times

Fahiny: in the old times, once (once upon a time), in the past time, in the old days

Fahagasy: in the old Malagasy times (before the colonisation of France)

2-Faha ( prefix) for ordinal number (adjective), to define rank

Voalohany: first (the first one)

Faharoa: second

fahatelo: third

Fahefatra: fourth

Fahadimy: fifth

Fahenina: sixth

Fahafito: seventh

Fahavalo: eighth

Fahasivy: ninth

Fahafolo: tenth

….

Farany: the last one

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/numbers/ordinal

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photo taken from internet

Fanazarana:

Who am I?

1-Ny namako lehilahy manao blouson maintso no voalohan'ny kilasy.

2-Ny namako manao pataloha jean no faharoan'ny kilasy.

3-Ny namako manao satroka kasikety no fahatelo

4-ary izaho no fahefatra. Iza aho?

Give the rank of everybody in the class

A.....

B.....

C....

D.......

Valiny:

A fahatelo

B izaho: fahefatra

C faharoa

D voalohany

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Match the pictures with what you are hearing from the list (first, try without the list):

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwDbOGaZ6bSPSjVsMUYwREh0Y2s/edit

A

B  

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

Fanazarana:

1-manasa vilia

2-misasa

3-mandeha bus

4-manoratra taratasy

5-mandeha tomobilina

6-mihinana sakafo

7-manadio trano

8-manasa lamba amin'ny machine à laver

9-mampitsangantsangana alika

10-mametraka fanontaniana

11-mahandro sakafo

12-manary zoridira

13-mamaky gazety

14-mamoha olona matory

A..........13.........................mamaky gazety

B...................................

C...................................

D...................................

E...................................

F...................................

G...................................

H...................................

I...................................

J...................................

K...................................

L...................................

M...................................

N...................................

Valiny

A-13/ B-10/ C-9/ D-6/ E-2/F-12/G-5/

H-7/I-3/J-14/K-11/L-8/M-1/N-4/

Azafady: Sorry

Azafady, Miala tsiny : apologies

azafady, miala tsiny or “Sorry” and “excuse me” are used for the same situations (before/after doing something wrong) in the malagasy language:

You catch someone’s attention: use azafady (or miala tsiny)

Azafady! : sorry/ excuse me

Miala tsiny: excuse me / sorry

Mangata-pamelàna: I beg for your forgiveness

Mifona aho: I’m so sorry , I request your forgiveness (I will not do it again)

Mibebaka aho : I repent ( if you are repenting for your sins)

Tena diso aho: I am responsible for this

Milèla-paladia aho : (literally: I lick your feet) figuratively: I am awfully sorry, forgive me! (not to use unless you've killed the cat? or someone?)

Mivalo aho: I beg your pardon

Mitoraka saloy fito aho: (I give you seven salutes) I am awfully sorry, I beg your pardon

Reply: valiny

Tsy maninona/ tsy maninona ka: That’s all right

An,an,an, tsisy tsiny: that’s quite all right

Tsy narary ka: I was not hurt

Tsisy kôa: don’t worry about it (familiar)

Tsy olana/ tsy misy olana : no problem/ no worry

Tsisy prôblema: no problem/ no worry

Tsy manahy= don't worry about it

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Situations

A- Vaky ny fitaratra, miala tsiny aho! The mirror is broken , I’m sorry

Miala tsiny?! Mifona hoe fa tena diso ianao. Sorry? Say that you ask for forgiveness because it’s your fault

Mifona ary aho e.: I request your forgiveness

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B-Azafady fa tara aho: Sorry , I’m late

Tsisy tsiny: no problem

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C-Tena voasitoko ity dia nianjera dia…miala tsiny fa potika be?! Mangata-pamelana!

I pulled on it and it fell and was smashed, I’m so sorry. I request your forgiveness

An? Potika?! Grr ! tsy problema e

What? It’s smashed? Grr! No problem

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D-Adinoko ny bokinao, fa azafady

I’m sorry I forgot your book

Tsisy kôa e

No worry

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D-Tena rovitra ny akanjonao fa voahitsako

I tread on your dress and it is torn

Ss, tsisy problema, mividy indray!

Huh, no worry, I will buy another one!

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Remember

Azafady: sorry

Miala tsiny : sorry

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Fanazarana:

What should you say?

1-Tara aho/ tara fotoana aho: I’m late

2-Voahitsako ny tongotrao: I've tread on your foot

3-Vaky ny vera: I dropped the glass

4-Nandainga aho!: I lied

Valiny:

for all, use sorry/ that's all right= azafady, so on / tsisy tsiny, so on

1- azafady fa tara aho/ azafady, tara fotoana aho= tsisy tsiny

2-Voahitsako ny tongotrao, fa azafady =Tsisy prôblema

3-azafady, vaky ny vera= tsy maninona

4-azafady fa nandainga aho= tsy misy olana

a feedback by screen: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Can_you_translate_English_into_Malagasy

Reported speech : Hoy … hoe:// hono…

Direct, reported speech : Hoy … hoe:// hono…

A- To express the reported speech, the malagasy people put “ hoy”…+ the name of the speaker/identity + “hoe” ….

Example= hoy ny olona hoe……., hoy I Rasoa hoe …….

B- Another option is to use …hono.. it is said…..for an unknown speaker.

Example: Manambady hono izy. It is said that he is married.

A- To report a Question:

- Iza no rainjaza ?

We can use : the verb “to ask” nanontany,

= Nanontany izy hoe iza no rainjaza= hoy izy hoe iza no rainjaza.

B- To report: A statement

we can use : and “to tell” for a statement : nilaza ….

Marary aho= nilaza izy hoe marary = nilaza fa marary izy , hoy izy hoe marary izy

Remarks:

“ Hoe” is optional.

The tense changes from the present to past mostly m=> n

The change of pronouns depends on the speaker aho=> izy, so on...

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Anarana malagasy: Malagasy people have long names !!

adapted from free vintage clipart: http://www.freeprettythingsforyou.com

Asa fivelomana: jobs and professions 7

1-Iza aho= firy ny nomeraoko?

a-Mitantara hatsikana mampihomehy ny olona aho= n° ...............,

b-Miaro ny mponina, sy ny fandriam-pahalemana aho= n°.....

c-Manamboatra trano aho, manangana rindrina.n° ..............

d-Manao sarin'olona na ny zavaboary aho. n° ...............

e-Mampiteraka aho, manampy ny mpiteraka. n°.............

f-Manadio ny trano aho, tia fahadiovana. n°..........

g-Izaho no manao ny horonan-tsary jerenao amin'ny fahitalavitra ireny. n° ..........

2-Iza no anarako ?

a-mpanao .......... : manao sary izay atao amin'ny loko rano

b-..............: mitifitra basy, manenjika dahalo

c-..............: manara-maso ny vehivavy bevohoka, misafo

d-.............: manala vovoka ary mandamina ny fanaka

e-.............: manisy simenitra ny rary mba hijoro tsara

f-..............: maka feo ary manao horonam-peo asiana sary mihetsika no asako.

g-.............: ry Gotlieb sy ry Turbo no mpiara-miasa amiko.

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1-Valiny:

a7-b5-c3-d1-e6-f4-g2

2-Valiny:

a-mpanao hosodoko

b-zandary

c-mpampivelona/ rasazy

d-mpamafa trano

e-mason, mandrary biriky

f-mpanao filma

g-mpanao hatsikana

Fatidra: blood brotherhood

Some malagasy people do the fatidra ceremony to have a new brother. For example Ikotofetsy and Imahaka were two fictive scoundrels who became blood brothers in order that one would not do any harm to the other, but it was at the end of their tricky adventures. It still exists in the malagasy culture.

According to Lavondès , a Fati-drà is a ceremony in which two individuals who vow mutual fidelity and trust by a ceremony involving the mingling of their blood. ( Le fatidra est le lien de parenté artificielle ( et partielle) qie sont susceptibles de créer volontairement deux individus non parents et la cérémonie qui permet de l’établir).

You can read this article: Henri LAVONDES. Magie et langage: notes à propos de quelques faitls malgaches, Année 1963, vol 3, numéro 3, p 109-117.

or at http://www.persee.fr

BE/HAVE/HAVE GOT: how to express them in Malagasy?

How to express BE =ellipted

I am 20. Roapolo taona aho.

You are English, aren’t you? Angilisy ianao, sa tsy izany?

She is a doctor. Dokotera izy.

It is late. Efa tara izao.

We/ you are happy. Faly ianareo/izahay.

They are fat. Matavy ry zareo.

BE+ING is expressed = eo ampanaovana, izao= izao dieny izao=amin’izao fotoana izao=izao ankehitriny izao

I am singing. Mihira aho izao.

You are working: eo ampiasana ianao amin’izao fotoana izao.

She is eating cakes. Mihinana mofomamy izy amin’izao fotoana izao.

He is playing tennis: eo ampilalaovana tennis izy amin’izao fotoana izao.

You/we are singing: mihira ianareo/ isika amin’izao ankehitriny izao.

They are running away from us= eo ampitsoahana anay izy amin’izao fotoana izao

How to express HAVE/HAVE GOT=manana or ellipted or adjective/verb

I have an appointment. Manana fotoana aho.

You have an accident. Niaran-dozam-pifamoivoizana ianao.

She has a shower. Mandro izy.

You have got a headache. Marary an-doha ianareo

We have children. Manan-janaka isika.

They have got money: mana-bola izy ireo.

Exercise:

How do you say:

1-He has a red car.

2-They don’t have time.

3-you are tired, aren’t you?

4-Why are they angry?

5-He is 30.

6-What is this?

Valiny

1-Manana fiara miloko mena izy.

2-Tsy manam-potoana izy ireo/ ry zareo.

3-Reraka ianao, sa tsy izany?

4-Maninona ary no tezitra ry zareo.

5-Telopolo taona izy.

6-Inona ary ity?

Ahoana no fanaovana fanontaniana? how to express wh-question

How to express WH- questions

Why are you laughing ? maninona ianao no mihomehy?

What do you have in your hand? Inona iny an-tananao iny?

How was the journey? Nanao ahoana ny dia?

Which is Sue? Iza amin’ireo no i Soa?

Where is the photo? Aiza ilay sary?

Who is that woman? Iza iny vehivavy iny

Put the right wh- word

1-………. no mitomany ianao?

2-…………. no haninao?

3-……….. ny làlana mankany an-tsena?

4-……………….no sekolinao? Ity sa iry?

5-………………..ny fahasalamana?

Valiny

1-maninona no mitomany ianao?

2-inona no haninao?

3-aiza ny làlana mankany an-tsena?

4-iza amin’ireo no sekolinao? Ity sa iry?

5-manao ahoana ny fahasalamana?

aza manitsaka e! don't tread on my foot

Kilalao 6

1-Nisy nanitsaka ny tongotrao. Inona no lazaina=

a-Mbay tery, i tena!

b-Jereo ny aleha fa tsy ny lanitra no jerena e!

c-Aza manitsaka e!

2-Nanitsaka tongotr’olona ianao. Inona no teneninao?

a-Azafady fa voahitsako ny tongotrao!

b-Tsara ho azy e!

c-Aiza koa ny tongotra iray hohitsahana!

3-Manontany lalana ianao. Inona no lazainao?

a-Azafady tsy azoko

b-Azafady very lalana aho

c-Azafady alefaso aty ny sôsy.

4-Tsy omby ny akanjo nandramanao. Inona no lazainao.

a-Tairo aty ny lehibehibe kokoa.

b-Afaka omeonao lehibehibe kokoa ve azafady.

c-Tsara loatra ity.

5-Mitabataba loatra ny mpiara-monina aminao. Inona no lazainao.

a-Azonao ampakarina ve ny mozika azafady

b-Mafy loatra ny mozika fa mba ampidino

c-Moramora baina a

Valiny

1c-2a-3b-4b-5b

Teny mivadika: inverted words

Can you give the names of the programs that these children have watched on TV?

All the words have been inverted.

Valiny

tolakandro mahafinaritra/

mbola tsara fandresy

miranandro/

viva tsena/

mifoha olomazoto/

sosoa maraina/

Miresaka momba ny asa : Job interview in Malagasy : manana traikefa ianao?= do you have any experience?

How to speak about your job:

Ikoto who  is asking for the hand of Ikala, is speaking to her parents:
A -Tsara asa aho ka !

B-Lazalazao hoe ny momba ny asanao ?

A-Mikarakara momba ny ankizy aho, manafana ny lanonana sy ny fety fitsingerenan’ny taona. Izaho no tompon’andraikitra momba ny fampilalaovana sy ny fampifalifaliana ny ankizy. Mampanao hatsikana sy tantara mampihomehy.

B-Fa nahoana no nahazoanao ny asa? Nahalala olona?

A-An an an. Efa manana traikefa amin’ny fanentanana fety sy lanonana aho. Haiko ny mampitokelaka olona, voafehiko tsara ny momba ny fanentana rehetra, efa nianatra momba izany aho, DJ aho no lasa clown.

B-Ka inona avy no toetra tsara anana raha te hanao ity asanao ity?

A-Mila mahay mifanerasera amin’ny olona. Mila tia ankizy, sy be vazivazy.

B-Fa ohatrinona anefa ny karama?

A-Arakaraky ny mpampiasa ihany io, raha manankarena dia lafolafo, eo amin’ny roa alina ariary isan’andro eo, fa raha mahantrahantra kosa dia valo arivo dia efa mety. Mahazo tolotolo-bola kely koa raha faly ny patron.

B-Mahazo andro fialan-tsasatra mandray karama ve aloha e?

A-Ie sady mahazo mitondra ny mpaka sary video-nao ka azo varotana ny sary na ny film videon’ilay fety rehefa avy eo. Ny sakafo sy ny fré taxi koa dia iantohan’ny mpampiasa.

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Language patterns

lazalazao ny momba ny ( asanao) = tell us about (your job)

Mikarakara momba ny... it concerns with

tompon’andraikitra momba ny... responsible about .....

Mampanao... I do this/ I make people do this.....

manana traikefa amin’ny.... (I) have experience in...........

efa nianatra momba..... I studied about......

toetra= knowledge/ good disposition

Mila ( mahay)... you need to (know).....

Arakaraky ny... it depends on the.....

andro fialan-tsasatra mandray karama (also called congé lik ein French) : paid days off

mahazo... = you/ I have...(other advantages)

iantohan’ny mpampiasa... paid by the boss...

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