Ny Fary no mamy : sugarcanes are sweet

NY HAZO

NY HAZO: STRUCTURE OF A TREE

Rantsankazo : branches, branch

Sampankazo: twigs

Lohahazo-lohankazo : top

Vodihazo: bottom

Ravina: ravinkazo: foliage (leaves)

Faka, fakankazo: taproot, lateral root, radical, root hair zone

Vatankazo: trunk

Tapany ambony: crown

Tapany ambany: bole

*******

Ny hazo no vanon-ko lakana, ny tany naniriany no tsara.

Si l’arbre est bon pour en faire une pirogue, c’est qu’était bonne la terre où il a poussé

If the tree is good to make a canoe, it is the land where she was planted that was good.

Ny hazo tokana tsy mba ala

Un seul arbre ne fait pas la forêt

one tree does not make a forest

Ramalina aza mifehy hazo tokana

un homme prudent noue même un seul tronc d’arbre.

a wise man ties even a single tree trunk.

Hazo avo halan-drivotra

Un arbre trop grand est détesté par le vent.

A tall tree is mistreated by the wind.

Hazo ankadi-làlana ka tenain-drivotra irery.

Un arbre solitaire dans un canyon a le vent comme seul compagnon.

A lonesome tree in a canyon has the wind as her only companion.

Maro ny hazo an’ala fa ny fary no mamy indrindra.

Il y a toutes sortes d’arbre dans la forêt, mais seule la canne à sucre est douce.

There are all kinds of trees in the forest, but only the sugarcane is sweet.

Afaka/azo/mahazo/mahay = modal CAN

CAN= afaka, azo, mahay, mahazo CANNOT=tsy afaka, tsy mahay, tsy azo, tsy mahazo

Affirmative: Afaka/mahay/azo/mahazo+ verb+aho/izy/ianao

Azo hanina ny voasary. Oranges can be eaten.

Mahazo mandeha ianao. You can go.

Question : afaka/ azo/ mahay/mahazo+verb+ subject?

Azo hanina ve ny voasary? Can oranges be eaten?

Mahazo misotro rano ve? Can I/we drink water?

Negative question: Tsy afaka/tsy azo/tsy mahay / tsy mahazo ve… ianao/izaho?

Tsy afaka mandalo aty amiko ve ianao? Can’t you come to my place?

Tsy mahazo miantso telefona ve? Can’t we give a phone call?

Negative: Tsy +afaka/azo/mahazo/mahay:

Tsy mahay mahandro sakafo aho. I can’t cook.

Tsy mahazo hanina ity. It can’t be eaten (it is forbidden to eat this)

Ability : mahay/afaka/azo

Mahay miteny frantsay aho.

I can speak French

Afaka maheno ahy ve ianao na mandeha aza ny radio?

Can you hear me even though the radio is on?

Ie, afaka aho

Yes, I can.

Mahay mandihy ve ianao? Ie, mahay aho.

Can you dance? Yes, I can.

Impossibility : the impossibility is repeated by can sometimes, so it is deleted or it takes the place of the verb

Tsy afaka (ho avy) ry zareo. Tara ny train.

They can’t come, the train is late.

Tsy (afaka) mahita aho tsisy solomaso.

I can’t see without my glasses.

Tsy afaka mitelina aho.

I can’t swallow.

Tsy mahay mitondra fiara aho.

I can’t drive.

Permission:

Afaka mipetraka eto ve izaho?

Can I sit here?

An,an,an (tsy afaka).

No, you can’t.

Azo ampidirana tomobilina ve eto?

Can I park the car here?

Tsy mahazo (tsy azo atao izany =tsy azo ampidirana tomobilina eo).

No, you can’t.

Azo hanina ny voasary.

Oranges can be eaten.

Tsy mahazo mivoaka ianao.

You can’t go out.

Fanazarana:

Complete the sentences:

1-Tsy……………milomano izy. (Swim)

2-……………mihira aho.(Sing)

3-………mandeha mianatra ve ianao? (Go to school)

4-…………..mandeha avion ianao (Take a plane). Simba ny motera.

5-Tsy …….mandalo (Pass this way). Misy lavaka ao aloha ao.

Valiny

1- Tsy mahay milomano izy. (Swim)

2- Mahay mihira aho.(Sing)

3- Afaka mandeha mianatra ve ianao? (Go to school)

4- Tsy mahazo mandeha avion ianao (Take a plane). Simba ny motera.

5- Tsy afaka mandalo (Pass this way). Misy lavaka ao aloha ao.

Adverbs of time in the Malagasy language: fanamarinam-potoana

Adverbs of time

Point of time (definite)

Avy eo (then)
Misakafo dia avy eo dia mitsangana mandihy.
They eat and then stand up to dance.

Ankehitriny/izao (now)
Ankehitriny dia mipataloha daholo na lahy na vavy.
Now women also put on trousers.
Izao dia mitovy ny lahy sy vavy.
Now men and women are equal.

Androany (today)
Androany ny fitsingerenan’ny taona nahaterahako.
Today is my birthday.

Rahampitso (tomorrow)
Rahampitso aho no handeha hody.
Tomorrow I will go back home.

Androany hariva (tonight)
Androany hariva no hangata-bady azy izy.
Tonight he will ask for her hand.

Omaly (yesterday)
Nanapa-bolo izy omaly.

Yesterday he cut his hair.

Frequency (definite)

Isan-taona (annually/yearly)
Miverina isan-taona ny rivo-doza.
The cyclones strike annually/ yearly.

Isan’andro (daily)
Mila mihinana voankazo isan’andro.
You need to eat fruit daily.

Isaky ny roa herinandro ( fortnight)
Miasa alina aho isaky ny roa herinandro.
I work at night each fortnight.

Isan’ora ( hourly)
Mandalo ny taxibe isan’ora.
Taxibe depart hourly.

Isan-kerinandro (weekly)
Mitsangatsangana aho isa-kerinandro.
Weekly I go for a walk.

Isam-bolana (monthly)
Mandray karama ny mpiasa isam-bolana.
The workers get their pay monthly.

Isan-kalina (nightly)
Mivoaka mandihy ny tanora isan-kalina.
Young people go out dancing nightly.

Isan-telovolana (quarterly)
Manao examen izahay isan-telovolana.
We sit for an examination quarterly.

Frequency (indefinite)

Foana/mazàna (Always )
Manadio trano foana ny renim-pianakaviana.
Housewives always do the chores at home.

Imbetsaka (Constantly )
Imbetsaka no mananatra ny zanany ny ray aman-dreny.
Parents constantly reprimand their children.

Efa ( efa mba) (Ever)
Efa mba nisotro whisky ve izy?
Has he ever driken whisky?

Matetika (Frequently )
Matetika no mandeha mianatra piano izy.
He frequently goes to take piano lessons.

Amin’ny ankapobeny (Generally)
Amin’ny ankapobeny dia ny lehilahy no lohan’ny vehivavy.
Generally men are the head of women.

Tsindraindray (Infrequently)
Manasa lamba tsindraindray izy.
He infrequently washes his clothes.

Mihitsy (Never )
Tsy misy vola mihitsy izy.
He never has money.

Tahaka ny mahazatra ( Normally) (ny fandehany= familiar)
Tahaka dia mahazatra/ ny fandehany dia mivaly ny fanadinana rehefa afaka herinandro.
Normally you get the result of the exam after a week.

Tsindraindray (Occasionally)
Misotro mangidy izy tsindraindray.
He occasionally drinks bitter tea.

Matetika (Often)
Matetika dia manao gatô izy rehefa alahady.
She often bakes a cake on Sundays.

Tsindraindray (Rarely)
Tsindraindray ihany ry zareo no manao vakansy.
They rarely go on holidays.

Araka ny mahazatra/ Isaky ny mandeha (Regularly/usually)
Araka ny mahazatra azy dia manoratra taratasy ho an’ny zanany any an-dafy izy.
She regularly writes letters to her children abroad.

Indray isaky ny mahatsiaro (Seldom)
Indray isaky ny mahatsiaro no mba mividy dibera ry zareo.
They seldom buy butter.

Indraindray (Sometimes)
Indraindray ihany vao manao konfitira aho.
I sometimes make jam.

Relationship in time (indefinite)

Efa (Already)
Efa tonga ny mpanambady.
The bride has already arrived.

Alohan’ny (Before)
Alohan’ny andrahoana sakafo dia sasana aloha izy ireo.
Before you cook the food you have to wash it.

Aloha (Early)
Tonga alohan’ny fotoana ny mpanao fanadinana.
The students arrive early at the examination room.

Aloha kokoa ( Earlier)
Mila miainga aloha kokoa raha te hahatratra lamasinina.
You need to come earlier if you wish to take the train.

Raha sendra afaka/raha sendra manam-potoana (Eventually)
Mandalòva ao amin’ny direktera raha sendra afaka.
Eventually you can come to see the CEO.

Tamin’ny farany (Finally)
Sitrana izy tamin’ny farany.
He finally was healed.

Voalohany (First)
Voalohany dia mitsangana dia avy eo miarahaba.
First you stand up then you bow.

Taloha (Formerly)
Nipetraka teto izy taloha.
He formerly lived here.

Tamin’io (fotoana io) indrindra (Just)
Naneno ny anjomara tamin’io fotoana io indrindra.
The horn rings just at that moment.

Farany indrindra (Lastly)
Farany indrindra dia notapahan’ny mpanambady ny mofomamy.
Lastly the bride and her bridegroom cut the cake.

Taorian’io (Later)
Nakatony ny varavarana ary taorinan’io dia nohidiany tamin’ny lakile.
He later turned the key in the lock after he had shut it.

Tato ho ato (Lately)
Tato ho ato dia manapa-bolo daholo ny vehivavy.
Many women lately cut their hair short.

Taorinan’izany (Next)
Niakatra ny tohatra izy ary taorian’izany dia niditra ny efitra.
He climbed up the steps and next he entered into the room.

Talohan’izany (Previously)
Nitondra tomobilina izy izao fa talohan’izany dia nianatra nitondra aloha.
He is driving the car now but previously he has to learn to drive one.

Vao haingana / Vao teo (Recently)
Vao teo no niantso ny anaranao ny mpampanao fanadinana.
The examiner recently called your name.

Rehefa (Since)
Asio sira ny laoka rehefa mangotraka.
He puts salt on the meat since it has boiled.

Ato ho ato (Soon)
Hahita asa ianao ato ho ato.
You will soon find a job.

Mbola (Still)
Mbola ao ny fakitera raha anontany azy ianao.
The postman is still here if you want to ask him a question.

Mbola tsy (Yet)
Mbola tsy mahay mandeha ny zanako.
My son has not yet learned to walk.

Faha-: during the time of // prefix for ordinal numbers

FAHA- : time adverb/ prefix for ordinal numbers

1-Faha (adverb) : in the time of, in the era of, under the reign of

Fahazaza: youth

Fahagola: in old times

Fahagolantany: unmemorable times

Fahataloha: in ancient times

Fahiny: in the old times, once (once upon a time), in the past time, in the old days

Fahagasy: in the old Malagasy times (before the colonisation of France)

2-Faha ( prefix) for ordinal number (adjective), to define rank

Voalohany: first (the first one)

Faharoa: second

fahatelo: third

Fahefatra: fourth

Fahadimy: fifth

Fahenina: sixth

Fahafito: seventh

Fahavalo: eighth

Fahasivy: ninth

Fahafolo: tenth

….

Farany: the last one

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/vocabulary/numbers/ordinal

**********

photo taken from internet

Fanazarana:

Who am I?

1-Ny namako lehilahy manao blouson maintso no voalohan'ny kilasy.

2-Ny namako manao pataloha jean no faharoan'ny kilasy.

3-Ny namako manao satroka kasikety no fahatelo

4-ary izaho no fahefatra. Iza aho?

Give the rank of everybody in the class

A.....

B.....

C....

D.......

Valiny:

A fahatelo

B izaho: fahefatra

C faharoa

D voalohany

*******

Match the pictures with what you are hearing from the list (first, try without the list):

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwDbOGaZ6bSPSjVsMUYwREh0Y2s/edit

A

B  

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

Fanazarana:

1-manasa vilia

2-misasa

3-mandeha bus

4-manoratra taratasy

5-mandeha tomobilina

6-mihinana sakafo

7-manadio trano

8-manasa lamba amin'ny machine à laver

9-mampitsangantsangana alika

10-mametraka fanontaniana

11-mahandro sakafo

12-manary zoridira

13-mamaky gazety

14-mamoha olona matory

A..........13.........................mamaky gazety

B...................................

C...................................

D...................................

E...................................

F...................................

G...................................

H...................................

I...................................

J...................................

K...................................

L...................................

M...................................

N...................................

Valiny

A-13/ B-10/ C-9/ D-6/ E-2/F-12/G-5/

H-7/I-3/J-14/K-11/L-8/M-1/N-4/

Azafady: Sorry

Azafady, Miala tsiny : apologies

azafady, miala tsiny or “Sorry” and “excuse me” are used for the same situations (before/after doing something wrong) in the malagasy language:

You catch someone’s attention: use azafady (or miala tsiny)

Azafady! : sorry/ excuse me

Miala tsiny: excuse me / sorry

Mangata-pamelàna: I beg for your forgiveness

Mifona aho: I’m so sorry , I request your forgiveness (I will not do it again)

Mibebaka aho : I repent ( if you are repenting for your sins)

Tena diso aho: I am responsible for this

Milèla-paladia aho : (literally: I lick your feet) figuratively: I am awfully sorry, forgive me! (not to use unless you've killed the cat? or someone?)

Mivalo aho: I beg your pardon

Mitoraka saloy fito aho: (I give you seven salutes) I am awfully sorry, I beg your pardon

Reply: valiny

Tsy maninona/ tsy maninona ka: That’s all right

An,an,an, tsisy tsiny: that’s quite all right

Tsy narary ka: I was not hurt

Tsisy kôa: don’t worry about it (familiar)

Tsy olana/ tsy misy olana : no problem/ no worry

Tsisy prôblema: no problem/ no worry

Tsy manahy= don't worry about it

===========

Situations

A- Vaky ny fitaratra, miala tsiny aho! The mirror is broken , I’m sorry

Miala tsiny?! Mifona hoe fa tena diso ianao. Sorry? Say that you ask for forgiveness because it’s your fault

Mifona ary aho e.: I request your forgiveness

*******

B-Azafady fa tara aho: Sorry , I’m late

Tsisy tsiny: no problem

*****

C-Tena voasitoko ity dia nianjera dia…miala tsiny fa potika be?! Mangata-pamelana!

I pulled on it and it fell and was smashed, I’m so sorry. I request your forgiveness

An? Potika?! Grr ! tsy problema e

What? It’s smashed? Grr! No problem

*********

D-Adinoko ny bokinao, fa azafady

I’m sorry I forgot your book

Tsisy kôa e

No worry

***********

D-Tena rovitra ny akanjonao fa voahitsako

I tread on your dress and it is torn

Ss, tsisy problema, mividy indray!

Huh, no worry, I will buy another one!

***********

Remember

Azafady: sorry

Miala tsiny : sorry

***

Fanazarana:

What should you say?

1-Tara aho/ tara fotoana aho: I’m late

2-Voahitsako ny tongotrao: I've tread on your foot

3-Vaky ny vera: I dropped the glass

4-Nandainga aho!: I lied

Valiny:

for all, use sorry/ that's all right= azafady, so on / tsisy tsiny, so on

1- azafady fa tara aho/ azafady, tara fotoana aho= tsisy tsiny

2-Voahitsako ny tongotrao, fa azafady =Tsisy prôblema

3-azafady, vaky ny vera= tsy maninona

4-azafady fa nandainga aho= tsy misy olana

a feedback by screen: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Can_you_translate_English_into_Malagasy

Reported speech : Hoy … hoe:// hono…

Direct, reported speech : Hoy … hoe:// hono…

A- To express the reported speech, the malagasy people put “ hoy”…+ the name of the speaker/identity + “hoe” ….

Example= hoy ny olona hoe……., hoy I Rasoa hoe …….

B- Another option is to use …hono.. it is said…..for an unknown speaker.

Example: Manambady hono izy. It is said that he is married.

A- To report a Question:

- Iza no rainjaza ?

We can use : the verb “to ask” nanontany,

= Nanontany izy hoe iza no rainjaza= hoy izy hoe iza no rainjaza.

B- To report: A statement

we can use : and “to tell” for a statement : nilaza ….

Marary aho= nilaza izy hoe marary = nilaza fa marary izy , hoy izy hoe marary izy

Remarks:

“ Hoe” is optional.

The tense changes from the present to past mostly m=> n

The change of pronouns depends on the speaker aho=> izy, so on...

**********

Anarana malagasy: Malagasy people have long names !!

adapted from free vintage clipart: http://www.freeprettythingsforyou.com